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<div>Seth</div>
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<div>As a non-US registrar I’ve got a bit of experience in this area – see responses inline below</div>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Two observations.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">1.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"> What is to stop a non-US court from taking a similar enforcement action against a registrar within that country and seizing domains?
Non-US courts have been known to take jurisdiction over business outside their countries based upon the business’s goods and services being accessible within the country through the Internet.</span></p>
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<div>Short answer – nothing.</div>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D"><span style="mso-list:Ignore">2.<span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">Cannot the non-US business that conducts itself legally within the laws of its country register its domains with a non-US registrar?</span></p>
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<div>Yes and they do, however if the registry operator is a US based entity then a US court can issue a court order to have the domains seized directly at the registry. It’s happened to clients of ours.</div>
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<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);">I do not deny there is an uneven playing field because ICANN is more easily subject to US jurisdiction and law than the jurisdictions and laws of
other countries, but your arguments may go too far.</span></p>
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<div>The issue around domain seizures has nothing to do with ICANN. Any domain seizure cases I’ve seen (including the examples cited by Parminder) were all made either at the registrar or registry level.</div>
<div>I haven’t see any cases where ICANN has been involved directly (though they often get named in cases)</div>
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<div>If you want to avoid the reach of the US then you need to use:</div>
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<li>a non-US registry </li><li>A non-US registrar</li><li>A non-US hosting provider</li></ul>
<div>Obviously if you want to go down that route you won’t be able to use .com or a lot of the other gTLDs, as even the ones that aren’t US owned are often using US based providers for their backend services.</div>
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<div>Regards</div>
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<div>Michele</div>
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<div>--</div>
<div>Mr Michele Neylon</div>
<div>Blacknight Solutions</div>
<div>Hosting, Colocation & Domains</div>
<div>http://www.blacknight.host/</div>
<div>http://blog.blacknight.com/</div>
<div>http://ceo.hosting/</div>
<div>Intl. +353 (0) 59 9183072</div>
<div>-------------------------------</div>
<div>Blacknight Internet Solutions Ltd, Unit 12A,Barrowside Business Park,Sleaty</div>
<div>Road,Graiguecullen,Carlow,Ireland Company No.: 370845</div>
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